Impact of octreotide on sodium level in cirrhotic inpatients with hyponatremia: a retrospective study

Abstract

Objective Octreotide could increase serum sodium in cirrhotics with hyponatremia by counteracting splanchnic vasodilation. Current supporting data is limited to case reports and series. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of octreotide on serum sodium in cirrhotic inpatients with hyponatremia compared with controls. Methods This is a retrospective study including adult inpatients with cirrhosis, admitted for ≥5 days with Na <133 at baseline. We excluded those receiving other vasoconstrictor infusions, hypertonic saline, tolvaptan or dialysis. Controls represented an equal number of inpatients with cirrhosis not receiving octreotide. Sodium changes on days 5, 7 and 10 were evaluated with multivariable adjustment. Results Each group consisted of 156 patients. The octreotide subjects had more cirrhosis complications. Baseline sodium was lower in the octreotide group, and their change in sodium at day 5 was higher (6.6 ± 5.6 vs. 3.5 ± 5.3; P < 0.001). Significant differences were also noted on days 7 and 10 (7.84 ± 6.76 vs. 4.33 ± 6.2 and 7.99 ± 6.72 vs. 5.2 ± 6.56, respectively). The impact of octreotide was lessened but remained significant (P = 0.019) in a mixed model adjusting for baseline sodium, creatinine, requirement of paracentesis, midodrine, albumin and fresh frozen plasma. More octreotide patients achieved hyponatremia resolution (55.1% vs. 42.3%; P = 0.031), but significance was not preserved in multivariate logistic regression. Conclusion Octreotide administration is associated with an increase in serum sodium among inpatient cirrhotics with hyponatremia, even after accounting for confounders. Prospective randomized controlled trials are warranted.