The cost implications of Wilson disease among hospitalized patients: analysis of USA hospitals

Abstract

Background and aim In this study, we used a national cohort of patients with Wilson’s disease (WD) to investigate the admissions, mortality rates, and costs over the captured period to assess specific subpopulations at higher burden. Methods Patients with WD were selected using 2016–2019 National Inpatient Sample (NIS). The weighted estimates and patient data were stratified using demographics and medical characteristics. Regression curves were graphed to derive goodness-of-fit for each trend from which R 2 and P values were calculated. Results Annual total admissions per 100 000 hospitalizations due to WD were 1075, 1180, 1140, and 1330 (R 2 = 0.75; P = 0.13) from 2016 to 2019. Within the demographics, there was an increase in admissions among patients greater than 65 years of age (R 2 = 0.90; P = 0.05) and White patients (R 2 = 0.97; P = 0.02). Assessing WD-related mortality rates, there was an increase in the mortality rate among those in the first quartile of income (R 2 = 1.00; P < 0.001). The total cost for WD-related hospitalizations was $20.90, $27.23, $24.20, and $27.25 million US dollars for the years 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively (R 2 = 0.47; P = 0.32). There was an increasing total cost trend for Asian or Pacific Islander patients (R 2 = 0.90; P = 0.05). Interestingly, patients with cirrhosis demonstrated a decreased trend in the total costs (R 2 = 0.97; P = 0.02). Conclusion Our study demonstrated that certain ethnicity groups, income classes and comorbidities had increased admissions or costs among patients admitted with WD.