Stroke Phase Is Essential for Pneumonia in Dysphagia Patients After Cerebral Infarction

Abstract

Background: The risk of pneumonia increases after stroke, especially in poststroke dysphagia patients. Propensity score matching (PSM) is a statistical method in SPSS, which can be used to balance the difference between the 2 groups of known factors. Nasogastric tube feeding is an important factor of stroke-associated pneumonia. However, few studies have used PSM to eliminate the effect of confounding factor. Methods: Our research was a retrospective case-control study. Retrospective review of the patient database between December 1, 2019, and June 30, 2022, to identify consecutive dysphagia patients after cerebral infarction during hospitalization. An 1:1 PSM in SPSS 25.0 was used to balance nasogastric tube feeding between patients with and without pneumonia. The characteristics of these 2 groups were analyzed. Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were used to screen the risk factors of dysphagia after cerebral infarction. Results: After 1:1 PSM, 198 subjects met our criteria and were included in the analysis. Age [odds ratio (OR)=1.047, 95% CI: 1.013-1.081, P=0.006], stroke phase (acute stroke) (OR=5.931, 95% CI: 1.133-31.054, P=0.035), admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (OR=1.058, 95% CI: 1.004-1.115, P=0.034), and length of hospital stay (OR=1.025, 95% CI: 1.001-1.049, P=0.042) had statistically significant correlation with pneumonia in patients with dysphagia after cerebral infarction. Conclusion: In clinical practice, for the prevention of pneumonia in patients with dysphagia after cerebral infarction, we should pay more attention to admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, age, and stroke phase, especially in acute cerebral infarction patients.