Effects of Preoperative Intravenous Versus Subcutaneous Tranexamic Acid on Postoperative Periorbital Ecchymosis and Edema Following Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Comparative Study

Abstract

Purpose: To compare the effects of preoperative tranexamic acid (TXA) administered intravenously (IV) versus subcutaneously on postoperative ecchymosis and edema in patients undergoing bilateral upper eyelid blepharoplasty. Methods: A prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study of patients undergoing bilateral upper eyelid blepharoplasty at a single-center. Eligible participants were randomized to preoperatively receive either (1) 1 g of TXA in 100 ml normal saline IV, (2) 50 µl/ml of TXA in local anesthesia, or (3) no TXA. Primary outcomes included ecchymosis and edema at postoperative day 1 (POD1) and 7 (POD7). Secondary outcomes included operative time, pain, time until resuming activities of daily living, patient satisfaction, and adverse events. Results: By comparison (IV TXA vs. local subcutaneous TXA vs. no TXA), ecchymosis scores were significantly lower on POD1 (1.31 vs. 1.56 vs. 2.09, p = 0.02) and on POD7 (0.51 vs. 0.66 vs. 0.98, p = 0.04) among those that received TXA. By comparison (IV TXA vs. local subcutaneous TXA vs. no TXA), significant reductions in edema scores occurred in those that received TXA on POD1 (1.59 vs. 1.43 vs. 1.91, p = 0.005) and on POD7 (0.85 vs. 0.60 vs. 0.99, p = 0.04). By comparison (IV TXA vs. local subcutaneous TXA vs. no TXA) patients treated with intravenous and local subcutaneous TXA preoperatively were more likely to experience shorter operative times (10.8 vs. 11.8 vs. 12.9 minutes, p = 0.01), reduced time to resuming activities of daily livings (1.6 vs. 1.6 vs. 2.3 days, p < 0.0001), and higher satisfaction scores at POD1 (8.8 vs. 8.7 vs. 7.9, p = 0.0002). No adverse events occurred were reported. Conclusion: In an analysis of 106 patients, preoperative TXA administered either IV or subcutaneously safely reduced postoperative ecchymosis and edema in patients undergoing upper eyelid blepharoplasty. While statistical superiority between intravenous versus local subcutaneous TXA treatment was not definitively identified, our results suggest clinical superiority with IV dosing.