Distinct non-contrast computerized tomography head findings in a patient with secondary polycythemia in rural Nepal: a captivating case report highlighting diagnostic challenges

Abstract

Introduction: Tetralogy of Fallot is a cyanotic congenital heart disease which if untreated leads to death by adulthood. In rare cases who survive this can lead to secondary polycythemia due to chronic hypoxia who can present with multiple indistinct symptoms leading to diagnostic dilemma. Case presentation: The authors present a rare case of secondary polycythemia diagnosed in early fifties with the unique non-contrast computerized tomography head findings who presented with a spectrum of long standing symptoms and a history of neurological manifestations. Clinical discussion: Patients diagnosed with polycythemia in adulthood can have a background of an untreated congenital heart disease, which can be complemented further by appropriate radiological investigations in a resource poor setting. Conclusion: Polycythemia secondary to an untreated congenital heart disease in the age beyond 50 is a rare occurrence. The presentation of these patients might present clinicians with a diagnostic challenge which can be mitigated with an appropriate knowledge of the peculiar non-contrast computerized tomography head findings.