Landau–Kleffner syndrome (LKS) in an 8-year-old girl: a case report and review of the literature

Abstract

Introduction and importance: Landau–Kleffner syndrome (LKS) is a rare epileptic encephalopathy characterized by language regression and abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns. This case report highlights the importance of early recognition and intervention in LKS, as well as the challenges in diagnosis and management due to its varied clinical manifestations. Case presentation: An 8-year-old girl presented with delayed speech, suspected hearing loss, and regression in language skills. Diagnostic tests revealed mild sensorineural hearing loss and EEG abnormalities consistent with LKS. The patient underwent speech therapy and received pharmacological treatment with valproic acid, resulting in significant improvements in language function. Clinical discussion: This case report provides insights into the typical features of LKS, including language regression and EEG abnormalities. It also highlights uncommon findings such as sensorineural hearing loss and mild intellectual delay. The multidisciplinary approach involving neurology, audiology, speech therapy, and education is crucial in the diagnosis and management of LKS. Conclusion: Early recognition and intervention, along with tailored pharmacological approaches and a multidisciplinary care approach, are essential in managing LKS. Further research is needed to better understand the pathophysiology, natural history, and optimal treatment of LKS, aiming to improve long-term outcomes for affected children and their families.