Ocular manifestations in COVID-19 infections: a case series

Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of ocular abnormalities of COVID-19 is different according to different reports. However, currently available evidence on the presence of this virus in ocular secretions and its association with conjunctivitis is not well established. Objective: To reveal the ocular features among COVID-19 patients and to describe them with the findings of clinical data, inflammatory markers, and respiratory support therapy. Methods: Ocular symptoms were evaluated and recorded in 494 COV19 patients through questionnaire-style interviews, and an ophthalmologic examination. Data including age, sex, disease severity, and nasopharyngeal swab results were collected. Laboratory test values were reviewed. Patients with COVID-19 infections were classified into severe cases and mild cases. Results: The prevalence of ocular features was (2.83%). The most common features were conjunctival hyperaemia, epiphora, and foreign body sensation with itching. Patients with ocular manifestations on CPAP support therapy had higher rates of itching, lower rates of foreign body sensation. No differences were found in the levels of inflammatory marker. Meanwhile, patients used respiratory-aid therapy revealed higher values of white blood cells, platelet counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and lactate dehydrogenase. Discussion: Ocular involvement in COVID-19 and possibility of disease transmission through ocular tissues and secretions, has been registered in some reports, with a prevalence of 2–32%. The external and internal ocular parts are involved. Conclusion: Ocular features are not infrequent in COVID-19 patients.