Evaluation of Facial Aging in Different Age and Gender Groups With Computed Tomography–Based Calvarium and Face Measurements

Abstract

BACKGROUND The human face is a complex area formed by the combination of many different components and varies among individuals according to gender, age, and ethnicity. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate age-related changes in the facial and calvarial bones in a large sample of both genders. METHODS The retrospective study included nontraumatic brain computed tomography scans of 280 Turkish adults. Participants were divided into 7-decade groups with the age ranging from 20 to 89 years. Measurements of the face and calvaria were recorded, and calvarial volume was calculated. The relationship of these parameters with age and gender was examined. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were observed in all the facial and calvarial measurements, except the transverse diameter of the head, with increasing age in both genders. Regardless of age, no significant differences were found in facial and calvarial measurements between genders. In addition, there was a significant decrease in the calvarial volume in both genders after the seventh decade of life. CONCLUSION The structure of the face and calvarium continues to change and differentiate throughout life. Taking these changes into account during surgical and facial rejuvenation procedures can help predict outcomes and avoid the use of incorrect techniques.