Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Outcomes in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Matched Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

BACKGROUND Solid organ transplant recipients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) have an increased risk of poor outcomes. However, a recent study demonstrated that immunosuppression is not an independent risk factor for these poor outcomes after controlling for primary tumor stage. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether transplant status is an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in CSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A database of CSCCs treated at an academic center over 10 years was used to perform a retrospective cohort study comparing the risk of poor outcomes (local recurrence, regional and distant metastases, and disease-specific death) in solid organ transplant recipients and controls. Subjects were matched on age, tumor stage, sex, tumor site, and time to poor outcome. RESULTS There were 316 tumors from 78 transplant patients and 316 tumors from 262 controls. On multivariate analysis, tumor stage and location on the head and neck were predictive of poor outcomes. There was no significant difference in the risk of poor outcomes in the transplant group versus the control group. CONCLUSION Transplant status was not an independent risk factor for poor squamous cell carcinoma outcomes after controlling for stage, age, sex, site, and time to poor outcome.