Integrative analysis identifies molecular features of fibroblast and the significance of fibrosis on neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in breast cancer

Abstract

Background: The molecular features of fibroblasts and the role of fibrosis in neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response and breast cancer (BRCA) prognosis remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of interstitial fibrosis on the response and prognosis of patients with BRCA undergoing NAC treatment. Materials and Methods: The molecular characteristics of pathologic complete response (pCR) and non-pCR (npCR) in patients with BRCA were analyzed using multi-omics analysis. A clinical cohort was collected to investigate the predictive value of fibrosis in patients with BRCA. Results: Fibrosis-related signaling pathways were significantly upregulated in patients with npCR. npCR may be associated with distinct and highly active fibroblast subtypes. Patients with high fibrosis had lower pCR rates. The fibrosis-dependent nomogram for pCR showed efficient predictive ability (training set: area under the curve [AUC]=0.871, validation set: AUC=0.792). Patients with low fibrosis had a significantly better prognosis than those with high fibrosis, and those with a high fibrotic focus index had significantly shorter overall and recurrence-free survival. Therefore, fibrosis can be used to predict pCR. Our findings provide a basis for decision-making in the treatment of BRCA. Conclusions: npCR is associated with a distinct and highly active fibroblast subtype. Furthermore, patients with high fibrosis have lower pCR rates and shorter long-term survival. Therefore, fibrosis can predict pCR. A nomogram that includes fibrosis can provide a basis for decision-making in the treatment of BRCA.