Evaluation of postoperative outcomes of minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy for left-sided pancreatic tumors based on the modified frailty index: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Background: This study compared the postoperative outcomes of minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP) for left-sided pancreatic tumors based on the modified frailty index (mFI). Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 2212 patients who underwent MIDP for left-sided pancreatic tumors between 2005 and 2019. Postoperative outcomes, including complications (morbidity and mortality), were analyzed using mFI, and the participants were divided into two groups: frail (n=79) and nonfrail (n=2133). A subanalysis of 495 MIDPs for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was conducted to compare oncological outcomes. Results: Clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula was significantly higher in the frail group than in the nonfrail group. A significant between-group difference was observed in overall complications with Clavien−Dindo classification grade ≥III. Furthermore, the proportion of all complications before readmission was higher in the frail group than in the nonfrail group. Among all readmitted patients, the frail group had a higher number of grade ≥IV patients requiring ICU treatment. The frail group’s 90-day mortality was 1.3%; the difference was statistically significant (nonfrail: 0.3%, P=0.021). In the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, mFI ≥0.27 (odds ratio 3.231, 95% CI: 1.889−5.523, P<0.001), extended pancreatectomy, BMI ≥30 kg/m2, male sex, and malignancy were risk factors for Clavien–Dindo classification grade ≥III. Conclusion: mFI is a potential preoperative tool for predicting severe postoperative complications, including mortality, in patients who have undergone MIDP for left-sided tumors.