1. Postgraduate Student of Orthopaedic Surgery.
2. Staff Anesthesiologist.
3. Postgraduate Student of Anesthesia.
4. Chief Anesthesiologist, Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto City Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
5. Professor and Chairman of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Wakayama Medical College, Wakayama, Japan.
6. Professor and Chairman of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.
7. Professor and Chairman of Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, Kyoto University Hospital.