1. Director, Biomedical Engineering, Partners Healthcare System, Inc., Director, Center for Medical Simulation, Boston, and Associate Professor of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. jcooper@partners.org.
2. Director, Patient Safety Center of Inquiry, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, and Professor of Anesthesia, Stanford University, Stanford, California.