Role of textural analysis parameters derived from FDG PET/CT in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic metastases

Abstract

Introduction Texture and radiomic analysis characterize the tumor’s phenotype and evaluate its microenvironment in quantitative terms. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of textural features of 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) images in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatic metastasis in patients with suspected liver tumors. Methods This is a retrospective, single-center study of 30 patients who underwent FDG PET/CT for the characterization of liver lesions or for staging a suspected liver tumor. The histological diagnosis of either primary or metastatic tumor was obtained from CT-guided biopsy, ultrasound-guided biopsy, or surgical removal of a liver lesion. The PET/CT images were then processed in commercially available textural analysis software. Region of interest was drawn over the primary tumor with a 40% threshold and was processed further to derive 42 textural and radiomic parameters. These parameters were then compared between HCC group and hepatic metastases group. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify cutoff values for textural features with a P value <0.05 for statistical significance. Results A retrospective study of 30 patients with suspected liver tumors was done. After undergoing PET/CT, the histological diagnosis of these lesions was confirmed. Among these 30 patients, 15 patients had HCC, and 15 patients had hepatic metastases from various primary sites. Seven textural analysis parameters were significant in differentiating HCC from liver metastasis. Cutoff values were calculated for these parameters according to the ROC curves, standardized uptake value (SUV) Skewness (0.705), SUV Kurtosis (3.65), SUV Excess Kurtosis (0.653), gray-level zone length matrix_long zone emphasis (349.2), gray-level zone length matrix_long zone low gray-level emphasis (1.6), gray-level run length matrix_long run emphasis (1.38) and gray-level co-occurrence matrix_Homogeneity (0.406). Conclusion Textural analysis parameters could successfully differentiate HCC and hepatic metastasis non-invasively. Larger multi-center studies are needed for better clinical prognostication of these parameters.