Early Results on the Efficacy of Demineralized Bone Matrix, Bone Morphogenic Protein, and Freeze-dried Bone Chips in Alveolar Cleft Repair

Abstract

Background: Conventional treatment for alveolar cleft repair is done using autologous iliac crest alveolar bone graft (ABG). However, this method may not be ideal in all patients. Analysis of the efficacy of a mixture of demineralized bone matrix (DBX), bone morphogenic protein (rhBMP-2), and freeze-dried bone chips (FDBC) as an alternative for alveolar cleft repair was performed. Methods: Consecutive patients from August 2019 to June 2022 undergoing early alveolar cleft repair, concomitant hard palate and alveolar cleft repair, secondary alveolar cleft repair, and regrafting from a previously failed ABG were analyzed. Computed tomography scans were performed to evaluate graft take at least 6 months postoperatively. Images were reviewed and scored. Alveolar graft height and graft thickness were recorded. A standardized scoring system was developed, with a score of 0 representing no graft take and 3 representing best possible graft take. Results: Fifty-five consecutive alveolar clefts (43 patients) were identified as having undergone ABG and satisfied all the other inclusion criteria. Of these, 29 underwent first time ABG and 26 underwent redo ABG. The mean graft height and graft thickness recorded for all clefts was 2.2 and 2.0, respectively. Conclusions: Early results evaluating the efficacy of ABG using DBX, rhBMP-2, and FDBC show feasibility in regard to both graft height and thickness when using a maxillary computed tomography scan to measure the bone graft take. These results suggest that DBX, rhBMP-2, and FDBC may act as a versatile bone graft material in cleft care, although further studies are needed to determine long-term outcomes.