Reported History of Measles and Long-term Impact on Tetanus Antibody Detected in Children 9–59 Months of Age and Receiving 3 Doses of Tetanus Vaccine in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Abstract

Background: Recent studies suggest measles-induced immune amnesia could have long-term immunosuppressive effects via preferential depletion of memory CD150+ lymphocytes, and associations with a 2–3 year period of increased mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases other than measles has been shown in children from wealthy and low-income countries. To further examine the associations previous measles virus infection may have on immunologic memory among children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), we assessed tetanus antibody levels among fully vaccinated children, with and without a history of measles. Methods: We assessed 711 children 9–59 months of age whose mothers were selected for interview in the 2013–2014 DRC Demographic and Health Survey. History of measles was obtained by maternal report and classification of children who had measles in the past was completed using maternal recall and measles IgG serostatus obtained from a multiplex chemiluminescent automated immunoassay dried blood spot analysis. Tetanus IgG antibody serostatus was similarly obtained. A logistic regression model was used to identify association of measles and other predictors with subprotective tetanus IgG antibody. Results: Subprotective geometric mean concentration tetanus IgG antibody values were seen among fully vaccinated children 9–59 months of age, who had a history of measles. Controlling for potential confounding variables, children classified as measles cases were less likely to have seroprotective tetanus toxoid antibody (odds ratio: 0.21; 95% confidence interval: 0.08–0.55) compared with children who had not had measles. Conclusions: History of measles was associated with subprotective tetanus antibody among this sample of children in the DRC who were 9–59 months of age and fully vaccinated against tetanus.