Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 in Newborns and Infants: A Multicenter Experience of 576 Cases

Abstract

Background: The literature describing clinical presentation, disease course and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 in infants remains scarce. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study across 2 major pediatric referral centers evaluating the demographics, clinical and laboratory characteristics, management and outcomes of COVID-19 among newborns and infants in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Clinical and biochemical markers were evaluated for their accuracy in predicting intensive care unit (ICU) transfer and death. Results: A total of 576 COVID-19-positive infants were evaluated with a mean age of 164 days. The mean duration of symptoms was 1.48 days. Fever was present in 36.5% of the cohort, while 44.3% had nasal congestion. Eight infants (of 575; 1.39%) required transfer to the ICU for impending respiratory failure and 2 required invasive ventilation. Symptomatic (fever, nasal congestion) infants were not more likely to be transferred to the ICU (Chi-squared test, P = 0.77). ICU transfer was associated with a higher chance of receiving antibiotics (70.6% vs 35.4%; Chi-squared test, P = 0.003). On multivariate analysis, none of the clinical parameters (age, symptoms, laboratory tests) predicted transfer to the ICU. No deaths were reported during the observation period. Conclusions: Infants with SARS-CoV-2 infection have a benign clinical course with favorable outcomes. Less than 2% require ICU transfer. Clinical vigilance is required as none of the admission parameters predicted ICU transfer.