Analysis of the effect of Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy and McKeown esophagectomy on perioperative anxiety and depression in patients with esophageal cancer

Abstract

To compare the effects of Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy and McKeown esophagectomy on perioperative anxiety and depression in patients with esophageal cancer. Sixty-three patients with stage I-III middle and lower esophageal carcinoma from June 2021 to December 2022 were randomly divided into observation group (n = 32) treated with laparoscopic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy and control group (n = 31) treated with laparoscopic McKeown esophagectomy. Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were measured on the second day of admission and the fifth day after surgery to assess the presence of depression and anxiety. The preoperative and postoperative clinical data of both groups were compared, and multivariate analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with depression and anxiety in patients with esophageal cancer. There was no significant difference in SDS and SAS standard scores between the observation group and the control group (P > 0.05). The postoperative SDS and SAS scores in the control group were significantly higher than those before and after operation in the observation group (P < 0.01). According to univariate analysis, patients with TNM stage III, tumor diameter greater than 3 cm, postoperative complications, radical McKeown esophagectomy, and C-reactive protein levels above 10 mg/L had a higher incidence of depression and anxiety (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that TNM stage III (depression: OR 1.683, 95 CI 1.429–1.861; Anxiety: OR 1.739, 95 CI 1.516–1.902), postoperative complications (depression: OR 2.345, 95 CI 1.435–3.891; Anxiety: OR 1.872, 95 CI 1.372–3.471), surgical approach (depression: OR 1.609, 95 CI 1.502–3.193; Anxiety: OR 1.658, 95 CI 1.469–2.059), and C-reactive protein (depression: OR 2.260, 95 CI 1.157–4.059; Anxiety: OR 0.373, 95 CI 0.253–0.976) were all independent factors for depression and anxiety in patients after esophageal cancer surgery (P < 0.05). The Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy has the advantages of fewer complications and low inflammatory response, which can help alleviate anxiety and depression and improve patients’ quality of life and prognosis.