Clusterin attenuates blood–brain barrier damage and cognitive impairment by inhibiting astrocyte aging in mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy

Abstract

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a severe complication of sepsis, however, its exact mechanism remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate whether clusterin is essential to the development of SAE during the aging process of astrocytes. In the study, septic mice were established with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and lipopolysaccharides were applied to astrocytes in vitro. Evan’s blue dye was used in vivo to show blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. A morris water maze test was conducted to assess cognitive functions of the mice. Clusterin-knockout mice were used to examine the effect of clusterin on sepsis. The astrocytes were transfected with lentivirus expressing clusterin cDNA for clusterin overexpression or pYr-LV-clusterin small hairpin RNA for clusterin knockdown in vitro. The expression of clusterin, p-p53, p21, GDNF, and iNOS was detected. he CLP mice exhibited a higher clusterin expression in hippocampus tissue, aging astrocytes, lower GDNF expression and higher iNOS expression, accompanied with BBB damage and cognitive deficiency. Following clusterin knockout, this pathological process was further enhanced. In vitro, following lipopolysaccharides treatment, astrocytes exhibited increased clusterin, p-p53, p21, iNOS and decreased GDNF. Following clusterin knockdown, the cells exhibited a further increase in p-p53, p21, and iNOS and decrease in GDNF. Clusterin overexpression, however, helped inhibit astrocytes aging and neuroinflammation evidenced by decreased p-p53, p21, iNOS and increased GDNF. The present study has revealed that clusterin may exert its neuroprotective effect by preventing aging in astrocytes, suppressing the secretion of iNOS and promoting GNDF release.