The Impact of Inadequate Energy Intake on Readmission Burden of Patients With Heart Failure

Abstract

Background Adequate energy intake is essential for good clinical outcomes. The association between energy intake and readmission burden of patients with heart failure (HF) still needs to be clarified. Objective In this study, our aim was to determine the association between energy intake and readmission in patients with HF. Methods A total of 311 inpatients with HF were recruited. Demographic and clinical information were collected during hospitalization; the daily diets of the participants were collected in the second week after discharge using the 3-day diet record, and the energy intake was calculated using a standardized nutrition calculator. The inadequate energy intake was defined as <70% × 25 kcal/kg of ideal body weight. The participants were followed up for 12 weeks after discharge. The number, reasons, and length of stay of unplanned readmissions were collected. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between inadequate energy intake, and readmission rate and readmission days. Results The median of the energy intake of participants was 1032 (interquartile range, 809–1266) kcal/d. The prevalence of inadequate energy intake was 40%. Patients with inadequate energy intake had a higher risk of unplanned readmission (odds ratio, 5.616; 95% confidence interval, 3.015–10.462; P < .001) and more readmission days (incidence rate ratio, 5.226; 95% confidence interval, 3.829–7.134, P < .001) after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusions Patients with HF had a high incidence of inadequate dietary energy intake, and it increases the burden of readmission.