Analyzing the Evolution of Needle and Ultrasound Probe Manipulation Skills of Interventional Radiology Trainees With Time and Experience

Abstract

Purpose To test the hypothesis that hand motion analysis can measure the progression of needle and ultrasound probe manipulation skills of interventional radiology trainees in central venous line placement. Materials and Methods An expert cohort of 6 interventional radiologists and 4 anesthesiologists and a trainee cohort of 6 novice trainees (<50 central lines) and 5 experienced trainees (>50 central lines) performed simulated central venous access. Four novices and 1 experienced trainee repeated the task 1 year later. An electromagnetic motion tracking system tracked the needle hand and ultrasound probe. Path length, translational, and rotational movements were calculated separately for the needle hand and probe sensor. These metrics were used to calculate motion metrics based scores on a scale of 0 to 3 for each sensor. Nonparametric statistics were used, and the data are reported as median ± interquartile range. Results Comparing novice and experienced trainees, there was a significant difference in probe scores (experienced vs. novice: 1 ± 2 vs. 0 ± 0, P = 0.04) but not in needle-hand scores (1 ± 1.5 vs. 0 ± 1, P = 0.26). Trainees showed a significant increase in probe scores at the 1-year follow-up (baseline vs. follow-up: 0 ± 1 vs. 2.5 ± 1.8, P = 0.003), but no significant difference was observed in the needle manipulation metrics. Experts differed significantly from experienced trainees for all metrics for both sensors (P < 0.05), with the exception of the path length of the probe. Conclusions Acquisition of improved dexterity of the probe may occur before improvement in the dexterity with the needle hand for interventional radiology trainees.