Daily spiritual experiences and allostatic load trajectories: a longitudinal study of midlife African American women

Abstract

Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between daily spiritual experiences and allostatic load (AL) trajectories in midlife African American women. Methods A longitudinal analysis of public-use data from 727 African American women in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) was performed. We included African American women who completed the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale at SWAN visit 4 (2000-2001) and had AL data at three or more study visits over 7 years. AL was calculated at each visit using 10 biomarkers: systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, C-reactive protein, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, waist-to-hip ratio, fasting serum glucose, triglycerides, and dehydroepiandrosterone. Group-based trajectory modeling identified women with similar patterns of AL. We used multinomial logistic regression to estimate associations between daily spiritual experiences (some days or less, most days, daily, many times a day) and AL trajectories. Findings Our sample had a mean ± SD age of 49.9 ± 2.66 years, 47% were early perimenopausal, and 17% earned <$19,999 annually. The mean ± SD AL score was 2.52 ± 1.68. Three AL trajectories were identified: low (35.1%), moderate (44.7%), and high (20.2%). In age-adjusted models, women who reported daily comfort in religion and spirituality were less likely to follow a high AL trajectory (odds ratio, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.18‐0.93); the association was attenuated when controlling for depressive symptoms (odds ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.19‐1.21). Conclusions Findings from this study do not support an independent association between spirituality in African American women and AL trajectories in midlife. Studies with a larger sample and additional measures of spirituality are warranted in this population.