Gender differences in the prevalence and clinical correlates of metabolic syndrome in first-episode and drug-naïve patients with major depressive disorder

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objective Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe psychiatric symptom worldwide, and the coexistence of MDD with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is common in clinical practice. However, gender differences in comorbid MetS in first-episode and drug-naïve (FEDN) MDD patients have not been reported. Here, we explored potential gender differences in the prevalence and clinical correlates of comorbid MetS in FEDN MDD patients. Methods A cross-sectional study of 1718 FEDN MDD patients was conducted. Demographic and clinical data were collected. The Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive subscale were used to evaluate depression, anxiety, and psychotic symptoms, respectively. Results The prevalence of MetS was 1.645-fold higher in female MDD patients (38.50%) than in male patients (26.53%). Patients with MetS had higher HAMD score, HAMA score, and PANSS positive subscale score than patients without MetS (p's < 0.001). Furthermore, suicide attempts (male: OR = 1.706, p = 0.034; female: OR = 1.639, p = 0.004) and HAMD score (male: OR = 1.251, p < 0.001; female: OR = 1.148, p < 0.001) were independently associated with MetS in male and female patients, whereas age of onset was independently associated with MetS only in female patients (OR = 1.744, p = 0.047). Conclusion Our findings suggest significant gender differences in the prevalence and clinical correlates of comorbid MetS in FEDN MDD patients. Clinical variables (suicide attempts and HAMD scores) may be independently associated with MetS in MDD patients.