Techniques and Complications of Anesthesia in Pediatric Radiotherapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Background: Anesthesia during pediatric external beam radiation therapy poses a challenge, as radiotherapy rooms are not designed for the administration of anesthesia. Aims: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children who underwent radiation therapy to describe the anesthetic approach and assess anesthetic-related complications. Materials and Methods: Data of all, who underwent radiation therapy under general anesthesia between November 2019 and January 2021, were recorded. Data were obtained from medical records, including demographic characteristics and information, regarding the anesthetic procedure and its associated complications. We describe our protocols for preoperative assessment, anesthetic procedures, and postanesthetic discharge evaluation. Results: Over the reporting period, 739 sessions of general anesthesia were performed. The mean number of radiation therapy rounds per patient was 23.5 sessions. Anesthetic induction was accomplished by sevoflurane inhalation in 639 sessions (86.4%) and intravenous propofol in the remaining 13.6%. General anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane in all cases. Anesthesia-related complications occurred in 118 sessions (15.7%). The most frequent was nausea in 48 (6.4%) cases, followed by hypotension in 38 (5.1%). Airway-related complications occurred at a low frequency (2.3%), and all were resolved successfully with positive pressure ventilation. No patient hospitalizations were required because of any anesthetic complications. Conclusions: Inhalation anesthesia is reliable and safe for pediatric patients undergoing radiation therapy.