The First 100 Seconds of Sleep of rEEGs Can Be a Reliable Scoring Method for D/EE-SWAS

Abstract

Purpose: Developmental/epileptic encephalopathy with spike wave activation with sleep, formerly known as electrical status epilepticus in sleep, is an electrographic pattern in which the interictal epileptiform activity is augmented by transition to sleep. Recent studies demonstrate the utility of the first 100 seconds of sleep of long-term monitoring (LTM) as a scoring method for electrical status epilepticus in sleep. Our aim was to measure the reliability of the spike-wave index (SWI) of the first 100 seconds of sleep of routine EEG (rEEG) as a tool for diagnosis of developmental/epileptic encephalopathy with spike wave activation with sleep. Methods: Approximately three hundred forty LTMs were reviewed, and 25 studies from 25 unique patients had comparable rEEGs. Two neurophysiologists calculated the SWI of the first 100 seconds of spontaneous stage II non-random eye movement sleep, the first 5-minute bin of sleep, and three separate 5-minute bins throughout sleep in LTM. This was compared to the SWI of the first 100 seconds of sleep in rEEG. Agreement was analyzed using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Results: Using 50% as a diagnostic cut-off, we observed moderate agreement between the SWI of the first 100 seconds of sleep of rEEG and three bin LTM (CCC = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.88–0.97). Agreement was slightly higher for the comparison to first bin LTM SWI (CCC = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92–0.98) and first 100 seconds LTM SWI (CCC = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92–0.98). Conclusions: This study demonstrates the first 100 seconds of sleep of rEEG technique as a time efficient diagnostic tool for patients with concern for developmental/epileptic encephalopathy with spike wave activation with sleep.