5-Year Observation Period of Quality of Life After Cochlear Implantation

Abstract

Background Only few studies assessed health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in cochlear implant (CI) patients for a period of more than 2 years. Some of these studies indicated that HRQoL might decrease after that period. The goal of our study was to see whether HRQoL indeed decreases or remains stable beyond 2 years after implant activation. Methods Twenty-five adults (11 women, 14 men; mean age at implantation: 60 ± 19 yr) with a unilateral CI for profound hearing loss were administered two questionnaires: the Nimjegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire and the Health Utility Index 3 (HUI 3). The Nimjegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire total score and the HUI single-attribute utility score of Hearing are measures of hearing-specific HRQoL, whereas the HUI multiattribute utility score is a measure of generic HRQoL. The questionnaires were administered before cochlear implantation and 1, 2, and 5 years after implant activation. Results Hearing-specific HRQoL was significantly improved at 1 year after implant activation and did not significantly change thereafter. Generic HRQoL also showed significant improvement at 1 year after implant activation, but deteriorated to a clinically relevant degree thereafter. Conclusions The significant improvement of hearing-specific HRQoL obtained from cochlear implantation was fully maintained for up to 5 years after implantation. Generic HRQoL of our CI patients, however, fluctuated over time. The decrease of generic HRQoL is supposed to reflect general age-associated health declines.