Optical coherence tomography classifications of diabetic macular edema and response to aflibercept: One-year follow-up outcomes in a Chinese population

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of intravitreal aflibercept on different classifications of diabetic macular edema (DME) by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. This hospital-based retrospective study included 95 consecutive patients (130 eyes) diagnosed with DME. Three groups were defined: diffuse retinal thickening (DRT), cystoid macular edema and serous retinal detachment. All eyes received intravitreal aflibercept (0.05 mL/2 mg) 5 times monthly. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) units and central macular thickness (CMT) on optical coherence tomography were recorded at months 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12 after the injections. There was no significant baseline difference in BCVA (P = .273) or CMT (P = .115) among the 3 groups. Over 12 months, the BCVA of the DRT group significantly improved from baseline (P = .013). The BCVA of the cystoid macular edema (P = .062) and serous retinal detachment groups (P = .073) improved slightly from baseline. The DRT group had the greatest BCVA improvement (P = .021). Over 12 months, the CMTs of all 3 groups significantly decreased from baseline (P = .016, P = .025, P = .031). The CMT decreased more in the DRT group than in the other 2 groups (P = .009). The CMT changes were most evident in the DRT group (P = .022). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that DME type, disorganization of the retinal inner layers, ellipsoid zone disruption and external limiting membrane disruption independently predicted the effect of aflibercept treatment in DME patients (P = .006, P = .001, P = .004, P = .001). Aflibercept therapy improved anatomical structure and visual acuity in every type of DME; DRT responded best in terms of both BCVA and CMT. Furthermore, DME, disorganization of the retinal inner layers, external limiting membrane disruption and ellipsoid zone disruption independently predicted the effect of aflibercept treatment in DME patients.