Sarcopenia predicts cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease at advanced stage and associated risks

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and sarcopenia is a new risk factor for CKD. However, whether sarcopenia predicts CVD in CKD remains to be determined. Sarcopenia would predict CVD in CKD at advanced stage. This analysis included 101 patients with CKD at stage 3 or over to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease in patients with CKD at stage 3 or over in our center. The patients were further categorized into sarcopenia group (N = 19) and non-sarcopenia group (N = 82) according to the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. Data on demographics, laboratory tests, and measurements of extracardiac adipose tissue thickness (EAT) was collected. The prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with CKD at stage ≥ 3 was 19%. Compared with non-sarcopenia group, patients from the sarcopenia group were older (P = .005), and presented longer disease durations (P = .002). The serum level of albumin was significantly decreased, (P = .047), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level (CRP) was significantly increased (P = .003) in sarcopenia group. In addition, the EAT was thicker in the sarcopenia group compared with non-sarcopenia group (P = .032). Furthermore, the le-stratified atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk scores were positively correlated with inflammation, nutrition, body mass index (BMI) and disease duration of CKD in sarcopenia group (P < .001). Patients with CKD are prone to have sacropenia, which is associated with inflammation and malnutrition. Presence of sarcopenia in CKD patients predicts the risk of ASCVD.