Safety profiles and adverse reactions of azithromycin in the treatment of pediatric respiratory diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Azithromycin (AZM) is an antimicrobial agent and frequently used in the treatment of pediatric respiratory diseases due to its well-recognized clinical efficacy. Despite some favorable findings from many studies, there is a lack of research reports focusing on the safety profiles and adverse reactions. Methods: The randomized controlled trials of AZM in the treatment of pediatric respiratory diseases on internet databases were searched. The search databases included Chinese CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Two researchers of this study independently assessed the eligibility, risk of bias, and extracted the data. The included literature was meta-analyzed and subgroup analyzed by revman 5.1 software. Results: A total of 14 eligible studies were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the incidence of adverse reactions after AZM treatment was 24.20%, which was lower than 48.05% in the control group (OR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.12–0.72, P < .001). In the subgroup of sequential therapy, AZM had a lower incidence of adverse reactions in sequential therapy (OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.09–0.60, P < .001). In the subgroup of intravenous administration, AZM had a lower the incidence of adverse reactions (OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.12–0.84, P = .003). In the subgroup of oral administration, AZM had a lower the incidence of adverse reactions (OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.13–0.69 P < .001). Overall, it was also found that the incidence of adverse reactions in the AZM subgroup was significantly lower than that in other treatment subgroup. Conclusion: AZM has fewer adverse reactions and better safety profiles, which make AZM a more attractive option in the treatment of pediatric respiratory diseases.