Functional Independence of Children With Arthrogryposis

Abstract

Background: Arthrogryposis (AMC) is a descriptive term to characterize a child born with multiple joint contractures. Treatment aims to improve functional independence, yet the literature objectively describing functional independence in this population is scarce. This study aimed to describe the functional independence of children with AMC through the lens of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT) and observational activities of daily living (ADL) tasks. Methods: Patients with AMC between the ages of 3 and 12 years participated in this prospective study. Parents completed the PEDI-CAT while a trained occupational therapist observed children as they completed a checklist of functional ADL tasks. Patients were grouped according to developmental age groups: “preschoolers” (3 to 5 y), “early school-age” (6 to 9 y), and “late school-age” (10 to 12 y). Patient’s PEDI-CAT normative scores were described, comparing the study population to typically developing children, and differences in each domain were examined between developmental age groups. The observed ADL tasks completed were also described, and differences in scores were examined between developmental age groups. Results: Forty-four patients (mean age of 7±2.86 y) were enrolled. The distribution between age groups was nearly even. Mean daily activities T-score for patients with AMC was 25.80±11.98 and the mean mobility T-score was 17.39±9.77. Late school-age children scored significantly lower than preschool-age children in both of these domains (P<0.01). Observed ADL tasks demonstrated a high level of required assistance for patients (range: 27.3% to 61.4%), although older school-age children did show greater independence with tested activities than preschool-age children (P=0.05). Conclusion: Children with AMC are significantly limited in functional independence, particularly regarding age-appropriate daily activities and mobility. Outcomes from this study provide a reference to help gauge the results of nonoperative and surgical treatment toward improving functional independence in this population. Level of Evidence: Level III: prognostic study.