Associations of the EAT-Lancet reference diet with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease and its severity: A multicohort study

Abstract

Background and Aims: The EAT-Lancet Commission devised a globally sustainable dietary pattern to jointly promote human health and sustainability. However, the extent to which this diet supports metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has not yet been assessed. This study aimed to investigate the association between the EAT-Lancet diet and the risk of MASLD and its severity. Approach and Results: This prospective multicohort study included 15,263 adults from the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) cohort, 1137 adults from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS) cohort, and 175,078 adults from the UK Biobank. In addition, 228 Chinese adults from the Prospective Epidemic Research Specifically of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (PERSONS) with biopsy-proven MASLD were included. An EAT-Lancet diet index was created to reflect adherence to the EAT-Lancet reference diet. The TCLSIH cohort recorded 3010 MASLD cases during 53,575 person-years of follow-up, the GNHS cohort documented 624 MASLD cases during 6454 person-years of follow-up, and the UK Biobank developed 1350 MASLD cases during 1,745,432 person-years of follow-up. In multivariable models, participants in the highest tertiles of the EAT-Lancet diet index had a lower risk of MASLD compared with those in the lowest tertiles (TCLSIH: HR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.78, 0.96; GNHS: HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.98; UK Biobank: HR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.85). Moreover, liver-controlled attenuation parameter decreased with increasing the diet index in individuals with biopsy-proven MASLD (β = −5.895; 95% CI: −10.014, −1.775). Conclusions: Adherence to the EAT-Lancet reference diet was inversely associated with the risk of MASLD as well as its severity.