Affiliation:
1. The author is in the Department of Medicine at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome refers to a constellation of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. They include elevated plasma glucose concentrations, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and abdominal obesity. These conditions typically occur during middle age or later in life. Although there is no clear consensus on the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, it is a potentially important entity to recognize and manage once traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, have been treated individually. This Perspective summarizes our current knowledge of the metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle change, including diet and exercise, is probably the best available option for treating the metabolic syndrome. However, rigorous lifestyle interventions are difficult to implement outside of a clinical trial setting, especially among elderly patients.
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Reference18 articles.
1. Insulin Resistance: The Metabolic Syndrome X 1999
2. G. M. Reaven, Multiple CHD risk factors in type 2 diabetes: Beyond hyperglycaemia. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 4, S13-S18 (2002) .
3. S. M. Grundy, J. I. Cleeman, S. R. Daniels, K. A. Donato, R. H. Eckel, B. A. Franklin, D. J. Gordon, R. M. Krauss, P. J. Savage, S. C. Smith et al., Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute scientific statement. Circulation 112, 2735-2752 (2005).
4. P. W. F. Wilson, R. B. D'Agostino, H. Parise, L. Sullivan, J. B. Meigs, Metabolic syndrome as a precursor of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation 112, 3066-3072 (2005).
5. S. M. Grundy, J. I. Cleeman, S. R. Daniels, K. A. Donato, R. H. Eckel, B. A. Franklin, D. J. Gordon, R. M. Krauss, P. J. Savage, S. C. Smith et al., Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute scientific statement: Executive summary. Circulation 112, e285-e290 (2005).
Cited by
18 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献