Relict duck-billed dinosaurs survived into the last age of the dinosaurs in subantarctic Chile

Author:

Alarcón-Muñoz Jhonatan123ORCID,Vargas Alexander O.1ORCID,Püschel Hans P.14ORCID,Soto-Acuña Sergio1256ORCID,Manríquez Leslie7ORCID,Leppe Marcelo8ORCID,Kaluza Jonatan9ORCID,Milla Verónica110ORCID,Gutstein Carolina S.111ORCID,Palma-Liberona José12ORCID,Stinnesbeck Wolfgang13ORCID,Frey Eberhard14,Pino Juan Pablo12ORCID,Bajor Dániel12ORCID,Núñez Elaine12,Ortiz Héctor115ORCID,Rubilar-Rogers David3ORCID,Cruzado-Caballero Penélope1617ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Red Paleontológica U-Chile, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

2. Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

3. Área Paleontología, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

4. School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, Edinburgh, UK.

5. KayTreng Consultores SpA, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.

6. Escuela de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Manuel Montt 367, Providencia, Santiago, Chile.

7. Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil.

8. Laboratorio de Paleobiología, Instituto Nacional Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile.

9. Fundación Félix de Azara, Argentina, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

10. Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.

11. Paleo Consultores, Pedro de Valdivia 273, Providencia 1602, Chile.

12. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

13. Institut für Geowissenschaften, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.

14. Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe (SMNK), Erbprinzenstraße 13, Karlsruhe 76133, Germany.

15. Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.

16. Área de Paleontología, Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.

17. Grupo Aragosaurus-IUCA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.

Abstract

In the dusk of the Mesozoic, advanced duck-billed dinosaurs (Hadrosauridae) were so successful that they likely outcompeted other herbivores, contributing to declines in dinosaur diversity. From Laurasia, hadrosaurids dispersed widely, colonizing Africa, South America, and, allegedly, Antarctica. Here, we present the first species of a duck-billed dinosaur from a subantarctic region, Gonkoken nanoi , of early Maastrichtian age in Magallanes, Chile. Unlike duckbills further north in Patagonia, Gonkoken descends from North American forms diverging shortly before the origin of Hadrosauridae. However, at the time, non-hadrosaurids in North America had become replaced by hadrosaurids. We propose that the ancestors of Gonkoken arrived earlier in South America and reached further south, into regions where hadrosaurids never arrived: All alleged subantarctic and Antarctic remains of hadrosaurids could belong to non-hadrosaurid duckbills like Gonkoken . Dinosaur faunas of the world underwent qualitatively different changes before the Cretaceous-Paleogene asteroid impact, which should be considered when discussing their possible vulnerability.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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