Kepler-9: A System of Multiple Planets Transiting a Sun-Like Star, Confirmed by Timing Variations

Author:

Holman Matthew J.1,Fabrycky Daniel C.1,Ragozzine Darin1,Ford Eric B.2,Steffen Jason H.3,Welsh William F.4,Lissauer Jack J.56,Latham David W.1,Marcy Geoffrey W.7,Walkowicz Lucianne M.7,Batalha Natalie M.8,Jenkins Jon M.59,Rowe Jason F.5,Cochran William D.10,Fressin Francois1,Torres Guillermo1,Buchhave Lars A.111,Sasselov Dimitar D.1,Borucki William J.5,Koch David G.5,Basri Gibor7,Brown Timothy M.1213,Caldwell Douglas A.59,Charbonneau David1,Dunham Edward W.14,Gautier Thomas N.15,Geary John C.1,Gilliland Ronald L.16,Haas Michael R.5,Howell Steve B.17,Ciardi David R.18,Endl Michael10,Fischer Debra19,Fürész Gábor1,Hartman Joel D.1,Isaacson Howard7,Johnson John A.20,MacQueen Phillip J.10,Moorhead Althea V.2,Morehead Robert C.2,Orosz Jerome A.4

Affiliation:

1. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

2. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

3. Fermilab Center for Particle Astrophysics, Batavia, IL 60510, USA.

4. San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.

5. NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.

6. Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

7. University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

8. San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA.

9. SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.

10. University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.

11. Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.

12. Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117, USA.

13. University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.

14. Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA.

15. Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.

16. Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.

17. National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.

18. NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

19. Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.

20. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

Abstract

Extra Exoplanet? A planet is said to transit its star if it can be seen to pass in front of the star; 19% of the known extrasolar planets are transiting planets. A lone planet will transit in an exactly periodic manner; if other planets are present, however, variations in transit duration are expected because of gravitational interactions. Holman et al. (p. 51 , published online 26 August; see the cover; see the Perspective by Laughlin ) report timing variations in the transits of two exoplanets detected by the Kepler space telescope. The planets have masses similar to that of Saturn and transit the same Sun-like star. A third planet several times the mass of Earth may also transit the star in an interior orbit.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference44 articles.

1. KEPLER MISSION DESIGN, REALIZED PHOTOMETRIC PERFORMANCE, AND EARLY SCIENCE

2. D. Charbonneau T. M. Brown A. Burrows G. Laughlin in Protostars and Planets V (Univ. of Ariziona Press Tucson AZ 2007) pp. 701–716.

3. J. N. Winn in Transiting Planets International Astronomical Union (IAU) Symposium vol. 253 (Cambridge Univ. Press Cambridge 2009) pp. 99–109.

4. W. J. Borucki et al . Astrophys. J. preprint available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1006.2799.

5. J. H. Steffen et al . Astrophys. J. preprint available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1006.2763.

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