Ancient genomes document multiple waves of migration in Southeast Asian prehistory

Author:

Lipson Mark1ORCID,Cheronet Olivia234ORCID,Mallick Swapan15,Rohland Nadin1,Oxenham Marc6,Pietrusewsky Michael7,Pryce Thomas Oliver8910ORCID,Willis Anna11ORCID,Matsumura Hirofumi12,Buckley Hallie13,Domett Kate14ORCID,Nguyen Giang Hai15,Trinh Hoang Hiep15,Kyaw Aung Aung16ORCID,Win Tin Tin16,Pradier Baptiste9ORCID,Broomandkhoshbacht Nasreen117,Candilio Francesca1819ORCID,Changmai Piya20ORCID,Fernandes Daniel2321,Ferry Matthew117ORCID,Gamarra Beatriz34,Harney Eadaoin117,Kampuansai Jatupol2223,Kutanan Wibhu24ORCID,Michel Megan117,Novak Mario325,Oppenheimer Jonas117ORCID,Sirak Kendra326,Stewardson Kristin117,Zhang Zhao1ORCID,Flegontov Pavel2027,Pinhasi Ron23ORCID,Reich David1517

Affiliation:

1. Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

2. Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

3. Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.

4. School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.

5. Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.

6. School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.

7. Department of Anthropology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96822, USA.

8. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 75016 Paris, France.

9. UMR 7055 Préhistoire et Technologie, Université Paris Nanterre, 92023 Nanterre, France.

10. CEA/CNRS UMR 3685 NIMBE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

11. College of Arts, Society and Education, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.

12. School of Health Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.

13. Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.

14. Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.

15. Department of Prehistoric Archaeology, Vietnam Institute of Archaeology, Hanoi, Vietnam.

16. Department of Archaeology, Ministry of Religious Affairs and Culture, Mandalay, Myanmar.

17. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

18. Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio per la Città Metropolitana di Cagliari e per le Province di Oristano e Sud Sardegna, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.

19. Physical Anthropology Section, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

20. Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70103 Ostrava, Czech Republic.

21. CIAS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal.

22. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.

23. Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.

24. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.

25. Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

26. Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

27. Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.

Abstract

Ancient migrations in Southeast Asia The past movements and peopling of Southeast Asia have been poorly represented in ancient DNA studies (see the Perspective by Bellwood). Lipson et al. generated sequences from people inhabiting Southeast Asia from about 1700 to 4100 years ago. Screening of more than a hundred individuals from five sites yielded ancient DNA from 18 individuals. Comparisons with present-day populations suggest two waves of mixing between resident populations. The first mix was between local hunter-gatherers and incoming farmers associated with the Neolithic spreading from South China. A second event resulted in an additional pulse of genetic material from China to Southeast Asia associated with a Bronze Age migration. McColl et al. sequenced 26 ancient genomes from Southeast Asia and Japan spanning from the late Neolithic to the Iron Age. They found that present-day populations are the result of mixing among four ancient populations, including multiple waves of genetic material from more northern East Asian populations. Science , this issue p. 92 , p. 88 ; see also p. 31

Funder

National Science Foundation

National Institutes of Health

Howard Hughes Medical Institute

European Research Council

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Irish Research Council

Allen Discovery Center

French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs

Statutory City of Ostrava

Moravian-Silesian Region

Thailand Research Fund

Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports

University of Ostrava

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference70 articles.

1. Hunter-Gatherers in Southeast Asia: From Prehistory to the Present

2. M. Oxenham H. R. Buckley The population history of mainland and island Southeast Asia in The Routledge Handbook of Bioarchaeology in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands M. Oxenham H. R. Buckley Eds. (Routledge 2016) pp. 9–23.

3. Human Colonization of Asia in the Late Pleistocene

4. C. Higham Languages and farming dispersals: Austroasiatic languages and rice cultivation in Examining the Farming/Language Dispersal Hypothesis P. Bellwood C. Renfrew Eds. (McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research 2002) pp. 223–232.

5. P. Bellwood First Farmers: The Origins of Agricultural Societies (Blackwell Oxford 2005).

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