Perseverance rover reveals an ancient delta-lake system and flood deposits at Jezero crater, Mars

Author:

Mangold N.1ORCID,Gupta S.2ORCID,Gasnault O.3ORCID,Dromart G.4,Tarnas J. D.5ORCID,Sholes S. F.5ORCID,Horgan B.6ORCID,Quantin-Nataf C.4,Brown A. J.7ORCID,Le Mouélic S.1ORCID,Yingst R. A.8,Bell J. F.9ORCID,Beyssac O.10ORCID,Bosak T.11ORCID,Calef F.5ORCID,Ehlmann B. L.12ORCID,Farley K. A.12ORCID,Grotzinger J. P.12ORCID,Hickman-Lewis K.1314ORCID,Holm-Alwmark S.151617ORCID,Kah L. C.18ORCID,Martinez-Frias J.19ORCID,McLennan S. M.20ORCID,Maurice S.3,Nuñez J. I.21ORCID,Ollila A. M.22ORCID,Pilleri P.3ORCID,Rice J. W.9,Rice M.23ORCID,Simon J. I.24ORCID,Shuster D. L.25ORCID,Stack K. M.5ORCID,Sun V. Z.5ORCID,Treiman A. H.26ORCID,Weiss B. P.511ORCID,Wiens R. C.22ORCID,Williams A. J.27ORCID,Williams N. R.5ORCID,Williford K. H.528ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Laboratoire Planétologie et Géodynamique, Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques, Université Nantes, Université Angers, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6112, 44322 Nantes, France.

2. Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.

3. Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, 31400 Toulouse, France.

4. Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon-Terre Planètes Environnement, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure Lyon, Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.

5. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.

6. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.

7. Plancius Research, Severna Park, MD 21146, USA.

8. Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.

9. School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.

10. Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7590, Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques, Sorbonne Université, Museum National d’Histoires Naturelles, 75005 Paris, France.

11. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

12. Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

13. Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD, UK.

14. Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.

15. Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.

16. Department of Geology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden.

17. Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.

18. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.

19. Instituto de Geociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

20. Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.

21. Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA.

22. Space and Planetary Exploration Team, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.

23. Geology Department, College of Science and Engineering, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA.

24. Center for Isotope Cosmochemistry and Geochronology, Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.

25. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

26. Lunar and Planetary Institute, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX 77058, USA.

27. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

28. Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.

Abstract

Perseverance images of a delta on Mars The Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater, Mars, in February 2021. Earlier orbital images showed that the crater contains an ancient river delta that was deposited by water flowing into a lake billions of years ago. Mangold et al . analyzed rover images taken shortly after landing that show distant cliff faces at the edge of the delta. The exposed stratigraphy and sizes of boulders allowed them to determine the past lake level and water discharge rates. An initially steady flow transitioned into intermittent floods as the planet dried out. This history of the delta’s geology provides context for the rest of the mission and improves our understanding of Mars’ ancient climate. —KTS

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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