Climate change exacerbates the environmental impacts of agriculture

Author:

Yang Yi123ORCID,Tilman David45ORCID,Jin Zhenong6ORCID,Smith Pete7ORCID,Barrett Christopher B.8ORCID,Zhu Yong-Guan910ORCID,Burney Jennifer1112ORCID,D’Odorico Paolo13ORCID,Fantke Peter1415ORCID,Fargione Joe16ORCID,Finlay Jacques C.417ORCID,Rulli Maria Cristina18ORCID,Sloat Lindsey19ORCID,Jan van Groenigen Kees20ORCID,West Paul C.2122ORCID,Ziska Lewis23ORCID,Michalak Anna M.242526ORCID, ,Lobell David B.27ORCID,Clark Michael1,Colquhoun Jed2,Garg Teevrat3,Garrett Karen A.4,Geels Camilla5,Hernandez Rebecca R.6,Herrero Mario7,Hutchison William D.8,Jain Meha9,Jungers Jacob M.10,Liu Beibei11,Mueller Nathaniel D.12,Ortiz-Bobea Ariel13,Schewe Jacob14,Song Jie15,Verheyen Julie16,Vitousek Peter17,Wada Yoshihide18,Xia Longlong19,Zhang Xin20,Zhuang Minghao21

Affiliation:

1. Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China.

2. The National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.

3. The Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.

4. Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.

5. Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.

6. Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.

7. Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland.

8. CH Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, JE Brooks School of Public Policy, and Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.

9. Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.

10. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.

11. School of Global Policy and Strategy, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

12. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92037 USA.

13. Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

14. substitute ApS, Graaspurvevej 55, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark.

15. Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.

16. The Nature Conservancy, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA.

17. St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, Dept. of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, MN 55414, USA.

18. Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.

19. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC 20002, USA.

20. Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK.

21. Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.

22. Project Drawdown, St. Paul, MN 55101, USA.

23. Environmental Health Science, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.

24. Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, CA 94305, USA.

25. Department of Earth System Science, and Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

26. Google Research, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.

27. Department of Earth System Science and Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Abstract

Agriculture’s global environmental impacts are widely expected to continue expanding, driven by population and economic growth and dietary changes. This Review highlights climate change as an additional amplifier of agriculture’s environmental impacts, by reducing agricultural productivity, reducing the efficacy of agrochemicals, increasing soil erosion, accelerating the growth and expanding the range of crop diseases and pests, and increasing land clearing. We identify multiple pathways through which climate change intensifies agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, creating a potentially powerful climate change–reinforcing feedback loop. The challenges raised by climate change underscore the urgent need to transition to sustainable, climate-resilient agricultural systems. This requires investments that both accelerate adoption of proven solutions that provide multiple benefits, and that discover and scale new beneficial processes and food products.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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