Zones, spots, and planetary-scale waves beating in brown dwarf atmospheres

Author:

Apai D.12ORCID,Karalidi T.1ORCID,Marley M. S.3ORCID,Yang H.1ORCID,Flateau D.14ORCID,Metchev S.56ORCID,Cowan N. B.789ORCID,Buenzli E.10ORCID,Burgasser A. J.11ORCID,Radigan J.12ORCID,Artigau E.9ORCID,Lowrance P.13ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.

2. Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1640 E. University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.

3. NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.

4. Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.

5. Department of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.

6. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11795-3800, USA.

7. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, 3450 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada.

8. McGill Space Institute, 3550 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada.

9. Institut de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes (IREx), Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.

10. Institute for Astronomy, ETH Zürich Wolfgang-Pauli-Straße 27, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.

11. Center for Astrophysics and Space Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

12. Department of Physics, Utah Valley University, 800 West University Parkway, Orem, UT 84058, USA.

13. Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, MS 314-5, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

Abstract

Beating bands in substellar atmospheres Brown dwarfs are objects with masses that are between those of large planets and small stars. They share many features with gas giant planets, particularly conditions in their atmospheres. Apai et al. analyzed how the infrared brightness of three brown dwarfs changes over time. Several perplexing features can be explained if bands of clouds rotating within their atmospheres generate beat patterns. Such bands are seen in optical images of Jupiter but best match infrared images of Neptune. The results shed light on the atmospheric physics of brown dwarfs and gas giant planets around the Sun and other stars. Science , this issue p. 683

Funder

National Science Foundation

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

JPL

Space Telescope Science Institute

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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