44 Ti gamma-ray emission lines from SN1987A reveal an asymmetric explosion

Author:

Boggs S. E.1,Harrison F. A.2,Miyasaka H.2,Grefenstette B. W.2,Zoglauer A.1,Fryer C. L.3,Reynolds S. P.4,Alexander D. M.5,An H.6,Barret D.78,Christensen F. E.9,Craig W. W.110,Forster K.2,Giommi P.11,Hailey C. J.12,Hornstrup A.9,Kitaguchi T.13,Koglin J. E.14,Madsen K. K.2,Mao P. H.2,Mori K.12,Perri M.1115,Pivovaroff M. J.10,Puccetti S.1115,Rana V.2,Stern D.16,Westergaard N. J.9,Zhang W. W.17

Affiliation:

1. Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

2. Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

3. CCS-2, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.

4. Physics Department, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.

5. Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.

6. Department of Physics, McGill University, Rutherford Physics Building, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada.

7. Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France.

8. CNRS, Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.

9. DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.

10. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.

11. Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, Via del Politecnico snc I-00133, Roma, Italy.

12. Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.

13. RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.

14. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.

15. INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via di Frascati 33, I-00040 Monteporzio, Italy.

16. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.

17. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.

Abstract

Stellar metals shine toward our eyes only Taking a different look at a familiar star may still yield surprises. Boggs et al. trained the x-ray vision of the NuSTAR observatory on the well-studied supernova 1987A. Core-collapse explosions such as SN 1987A produce a titanium isotope, 44 Ti, whose radioactive decay yields hard x-ray emission lines. All the emission associated with 44Ti appears to be from material moving toward us, with none moving away. This implies that the explosion was not symmetric. These findings help to explain the mechanics of SN 1987A and of core-collapse supernovae in general. Science , this issue p. 670

Funder

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

French Space Agency

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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