1. Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
2. Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
3. Department of Economics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
4. Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
5. Conservation Science Partners, Inc., Ft. Collins, CO 80524, USA.
6. Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28506, USA.
7. Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.