Io's Thermal Emission from the Galileo Photopolarimeter- Radiometer-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Io's Thermal Emission from the Galileo Photopolarimeter- Radiometer

Published:2000-05-19 Issue:5469 Volume:288 Page:1198-1201
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Spencer John R.¹,Rathbun Julie A.¹,Travis Larry D.²,Tamppari Leslie K.³,Barnard Laura³,Martin Terry Z.³,McEwen Alfred S.⁴

Affiliation:

1. Lowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA.

2. Institute for Space Studies, NASA–Goddard Space Flight Center, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA.

3. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.

4. Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.

Abstract

Galileo's photopolarimeter-radiometer instrument mapped Io's thermal emission during the I24, I25, and I27 flybys with a spatial resolution of 2.2 to 300 kilometers. Mapping of Loki in I24 shows uniform temperatures for most of Loki Patera and high temperatures in the southwest corner, probably resulting from an eruption that began 1 month before the observation. Most of Loki Patera was resurfaced before I27. Pele's caldera floor has a low temperature of 160 kelvin, whereas flows at Pillan and Zamama have temperatures of up to 200 kelvin. Global maps of nighttime temperatures provide a means for estimating global heat flow.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference28 articles.

1. Russell E. E., et al., Space Sci. Rev. 60, 531 (1992).

2. The close Io flybys were I24 on 11 October 1999 I25 on 26 November 1999 and I27 on 22 February 2000.

3. Brightness temperature is the temperature of a blackbody emitting the same radiance at the wavelength of interest and is an approximation to the kinetic temperature for most solid surfaces which exhibit near-blackbody behavior. Color temperature is the temperature of a blackbody emitting the same brightness ratio at a pair of wavelengths. Calibration accuracy can be judged by comparing the brightness temperature T B of Loki Patera at the two independently calibrated wavelengths 17 and 21 μm for which we have resolved data. The closeness of the wavelengths and the smoothness of Loki's spectrum from Voyager IRIS at these wavelengths (16) lead us to expect that T B at the two wavelengths will differ by no more than 2 or 3 K. We obtain T B of 244 K at 17 μm and 239 K at 21 μm for a representative region of the caldera and thus conservatively estimate a 10-K temperature uncertainty at these temperatures. An additional check on calibration comes from simultaneous NIMS and PPR observations of another region of Loki Patera for which PPR gives a 17-μm T B of 247 K and NIMS gives a 4.4-μm T B of 273 K consistent with a two-temperature blackbody fit to NIMS and PPR data (see text). Observations of the on-board calibration target give an estimated T B uncertainty of 5 K at the 125-K temperature of the target. Nighttime T B in the wide-open filter on the Jupiter-facing hemisphere also includes a contribution from sunlight reflected from Jupiter; scaling from observations of Europa in the same filter (25) we estimate this contribution to be <2 K.

4. Io's heat flow from infrared radiometry: 1983–1993

5. Spencer J. R., Clark B. E., Woodney L. M., Sinton W. M., Toomey D., Icarus 107, 195 (1994).

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