Fecal microbiota transplant promotes response in immunotherapy-refractory melanoma patients

Author:

Baruch Erez N.12ORCID,Youngster Ilan34ORCID,Ben-Betzalel Guy1,Ortenberg Rona1ORCID,Lahat Adi5,Katz Lior6,Adler Katerina7ORCID,Dick-Necula Daniela8,Raskin Stephen49ORCID,Bloch Naamah10,Rotin Daniil8ORCID,Anafi Liat8,Avivi Camila8,Melnichenko Jenny1ORCID,Steinberg-Silman Yael1ORCID,Mamtani Ronac11,Harati Hagit1ORCID,Asher Nethanel1ORCID,Shapira-Frommer Ronnie1ORCID,Brosh-Nissimov Tal12,Eshet Yael4813ORCID,Ben-Simon Shira10,Ziv Oren10,Khan Md Abdul Wadud14ORCID,Amit Moran15,Ajami Nadim J.14ORCID,Barshack Iris48,Schachter Jacob14,Wargo Jennifer A.1416ORCID,Koren Omry10ORCID,Markel Gal1217ORCID,Boursi Ben41819ORCID

Affiliation:

1. The Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Israel.

2. Department of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

3. Pediatric Division and the Microbiome Research Center, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Be’er Ya’akov, Israel.

4. School of Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

5. Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.

6. Department of Gastroenterology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

7. Department of Mathematics, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.

8. Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Israel.

9. Radiological Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.

10. Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel.

11. Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

12. Infectious Diseases Unit, Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel.

13. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.

14. Program for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

15. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

16. Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

17. Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.

18. Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

19. Department of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.

Abstract

New fecal microbiota for cancer patients The composition of the gut microbiome influences the response of cancer patients to immunotherapies. Baruch et al. and Davar et al. report first-in-human clinical trials to test whether fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can affect how metastatic melanoma patients respond to anti–PD-1 immunotherapy (see the Perspective by Woelk and Snyder). Both studies observed evidence of clinical benefit in a subset of treated patients. This included increased abundance of taxa previously shown to be associated with response to anti–PD-1, increased CD8 + T cell activation, and decreased frequency of interleukin-8–expressing myeloid cells, which are involved in immunosuppression. These studies provide proof-of-concept evidence for the ability of FMT to affect immunotherapy response in cancer patients. Science , this issue p. 602 , p. 595 ; see also p. 573

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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