Edge Effects and the Extinction of Populations Inside Protected Areas
Author:
Affiliation:
1. R. Woodroffe, Department of Zoology, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
2. J. R. Ginsberg, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460–1099, USA.
Abstract
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Subject
Multidisciplinary
Reference13 articles.
1. Genetics and Demography in Biological Conservation
2. G. Caughley J. Anim. Ecol. 63 215 (1994).
3. W. D. Newmark Cons. Biol. 9 512 (1995)
4. but see J. Berger ibid. 4 91 (1990).
5. Several intensive studies of carnivores have shown that deaths caused by people—especially harvesting—increase overall mortality and result in population decline. This impact of harvesting is marked in two species with low fecundity (black and grizzly bears) as well as one with high fecundity (gray wolf). For each species the proportion of deaths of radio-collared adults caused by people and sample sizes are as follows: gray wolf 79% (97); black bear 90% (21); grizzly bear 56% (16). Data sources: gray wolf: W. B. Ballard J. S. Whitman C. L. Gardner Wildl. Monogr. 98 1 (1987); W. B. Ballard L. E. Ayres P. R. Krausman D. J. Reed S. G. Fancy ibid. 135 1 (1997); black bear: R. A. Powell J. W. Zimmerman D. E. Seaman J. F. Gilliam Cons. Biol. 10 224 (1996); grizzly bear: R. B. Wielgus and F. L. Bunnell Biol. Cons. 67 161 (1994).
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