Multidimensional tropical forest recovery

Author:

Poorter Lourens1ORCID,Craven Dylan2ORCID,Jakovac Catarina C.13ORCID,van der Sande Masha T.1ORCID,Amissah Lucy4ORCID,Bongers Frans1ORCID,Chazdon Robin L.56ORCID,Farrior Caroline E.7ORCID,Kambach Stephan8ORCID,Meave Jorge A.9ORCID,Muñoz Rodrigo19ORCID,Norden Natalia10ORCID,Rüger Nadja81112ORCID,van Breugel Michiel131415ORCID,Almeyda Zambrano Angélica María16,Amani Bienvenu17ORCID,Andrade José Luis18ORCID,Brancalion Pedro H. S.19ORCID,Broadbent Eben N.20ORCID,de Foresta Hubert21,Dent Daisy H.1222ORCID,Derroire Géraldine23ORCID,DeWalt Saara J.24ORCID,Dupuy Juan M.18ORCID,Durán Sandra M.2526ORCID,Fantini Alfredo C.27ORCID,Finegan Bryan28ORCID,Hernández-Jaramillo Alma29,Hernández-Stefanoni José Luis18ORCID,Hietz Peter30ORCID,Junqueira André B.31ORCID,N’dja Justin Kassi32,Letcher Susan G.33ORCID,Lohbeck Madelon134ORCID,López-Camacho René35ORCID,Martínez-Ramos Miguel36ORCID,Melo Felipe P. L.37ORCID,Mora Francisco36ORCID,Müller Sandra C.38ORCID,N’Guessan Anny E.32ORCID,Oberleitner Florian39ORCID,Ortiz-Malavassi Edgar40ORCID,Pérez-García Eduardo A.9,Pinho Bruno X.37ORCID,Piotto Daniel41ORCID,Powers Jennifer S.4243ORCID,Rodríguez-Buriticá Susana10ORCID,Rozendaal Danaë M. A.4445ORCID,Ruíz Jorge46ORCID,Tabarelli Marcelo37ORCID,Teixeira Heitor Mancini444748ORCID,Valadares de Sá Barretto Sampaio Everardo49,van der Wal Hans50ORCID,Villa Pedro M.5152ORCID,Fernandes Geraldo W.53ORCID,Santos Braulio A.54ORCID,Aguilar-Cano José10ORCID,de Almeida-Cortez Jarcilene S.55ORCID,Alvarez-Davila Esteban56ORCID,Arreola-Villa Felipe36,Balvanera Patricia36ORCID,Becknell Justin M.57ORCID,Cabral George A. L.37ORCID,Castellanos-Castro Carolina10ORCID,de Jong Ben H. J.58ORCID,Nieto Jhon Edison10,Espírito-Santo Mário M.59ORCID,Fandino Maria C.60ORCID,García Hernando10ORCID,García-Villalobos Daniel10ORCID,Hall Jefferson S.13ORCID,Idárraga Alvaro61ORCID,Jiménez-Montoya Jaider62ORCID,Kennard Deborah63ORCID,Marín-Spiotta Erika64ORCID,Mesquita Rita65ORCID,Nunes Yule R. F.59ORCID,Ochoa-Gaona Susana58ORCID,Peña-Claros Marielos1ORCID,Pérez-Cárdenas Nathalia36ORCID,Rodríguez-Velázquez Jorge36,Villanueva Lucía Sanaphre1866ORCID,Schwartz Naomi B.67ORCID,Steininger Marc K.68ORCID,Veloso Maria D. M.59ORCID,Vester Henricus F. M.69,Vieira Ima C. G.70ORCID,Williamson G. Bruce6571,Zanini Kátia38,Hérault Bruno727374ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.

2. Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.

3. Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Rod. Admar Gonzaga, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.

4. CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana.

5. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.

6. Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia.

7. University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.

8. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.

9. Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico.

10. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia.

11. Department of Economics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.

12. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Balboa, Panama.

13. SI ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Balboa, Panama.

14. Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.

15. Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

16. Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

17. UFR Agroforesterie, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé Daloa, Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire.

18. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.

19. Department of Forest Sciences, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.

20. Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

21. UMR AMAP, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France.

22. Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.

23. CIRAD, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana.

24. Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.

25. Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

26. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.

27. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil.

28. CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica.

29. Neotropical Primate Conservation Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.

30. Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.

31. Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.

32. Departement of Bioscience, University Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.

33. College of the Atlantic, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.

34. World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya.

35. Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Facultad de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Bogotá, Colombia.

36. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.

37. Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.

38. Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

39. Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

40. Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Cartago, Costa Rica.

41. Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna, BA, Brazil.

42. Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.

43. Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.

44. Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.

45. Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.

46. Programa de Estudios de Posgrado en Geografia, Convenio Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnológica de Colombia-Instituto Geografico Agustin Codazzi, Bogotá, Colombia.

47. Farming Systems Ecology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.

48. Copernicus Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.

49. Departamento de Energia Nuclear–CTG, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.

50. Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur – Unidad Villahermosa, Centro, Tabasco, México.

51. Program of Botany, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Plantas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

52. Fundación para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad (PROBIODIVERSA), Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela.

53. Ecologia Evolutiva e Biodiversidade/DBG, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

54. Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.

55. Departamento de Botânica–CCB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil.

56. Escuela ECAPMA – Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Bogotá, Colombia.

57. Environmental Studies Program, Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA.

58. Department of Sustainability Science, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Lerma, Campeche, Mexico.

59. Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

60. Fondo Patrimonio Natural para la Biodiversidad y Areas Protegidas, Bogota, Colombia.

61. Fundación Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Herbario JAUM, Medellín, Colombia.

62. Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Antioquia, Colombia.

63. Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, CO, USA.

64. Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

65. Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.

66. Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Centro del Cambio Global y la Sustentabilidad, Tabasco, Mexico.

67. Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

68. Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.

69. Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

70. Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil.

71. Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.

72. CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, Yamoussoukro, Côte d’Ivoire.

73. Forêts et Sociétés, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France.

74. Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, INP-HB, Yamoussoukro, Côte d’Ivoire.

Abstract

Resilient secondary tropical forests? Although deforestation is rampant across the tropics, forest has a strong capacity to regrow on abandoned lands. These “secondary” forests may increasingly play important roles in biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation, and landscape restoration. Poorter et al . analyzed the patterns of recovery in forest attributes (related to soil, plant functioning, structure, and diversity) in 77 secondary forest sites in the Americas and West Africa. They found that different attributes recovered at different rates, with soil recovering in less than a decade and species diversity and biomass recovering in little more than a century. The authors discuss how these findings can be applied in efforts to promote forest restoration. —AMS

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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