Macromolecular organic matter in samples of the asteroid (162173) Ryugu

Author:

Yabuta Hikaru1ORCID,Cody George D.2ORCID,Engrand Cécile3ORCID,Kebukawa Yoko4ORCID,De Gregorio Bradley5ORCID,Bonal Lydie6ORCID,Remusat Laurent7,Stroud Rhonda5ORCID,Quirico Eric6ORCID,Nittler Larry2ORCID,Hashiguchi Minako8ORCID,Komatsu Mutsumi910ORCID,Okumura Taiga11ORCID,Mathurin Jérémie12ORCID,Dartois Emmanuel13ORCID,Duprat Jean7,Takahashi Yoshio1114ORCID,Takeichi Yasuo14ORCID,Kilcoyne David15ORCID,Yamashita Shohei14,Dazzi Alexandre12,Deniset-Besseau Ariane12,Sandford Scott16ORCID,Martins Zita17ORCID,Tamenori Yusuke18ORCID,Ohigashi Takuji19,Suga Hiroki18ORCID,Wakabayashi Daisuke14ORCID,Verdier-Paoletti Maximilien7ORCID,Mostefaoui Smail7,Montagnac Gilles20ORCID,Barosch Jens2,Kamide Kanami1,Shigenaka Miho1,Bejach Laure3,Matsumoto Megumi21ORCID,Enokido Yuma21ORCID,Noguchi Takaaki22ORCID,Yurimoto Hisayoshi23ORCID,Nakamura Tomoki21ORCID,Okazaki Ryuji24ORCID,Naraoka Hiroshi24ORCID,Sakamoto Kanako25ORCID,Connolly Harold C.26ORCID,Lauretta Dante S.27ORCID,Abe Masanao2528ORCID,Okada Tatsuaki2529ORCID,Yada Toru25ORCID,Nishimura Masahiro25ORCID,Yogata Kasumi25ORCID,Nakato Aiko25ORCID,Yoshitake Miwa25ORCID,Iwamae Ayako30ORCID,Furuya Shizuho11ORCID,Hatakeda Kentaro30ORCID,Miyazaki Akiko25ORCID,Soejima Hiromichi30ORCID,Hitomi Yuya30ORCID,Kumagai Kazuya30,Usui Tomohiro25ORCID,Hayashi Tasuku25ORCID,Yamamoto Daiki25ORCID,Fukai Ryota25ORCID,Sugita Seiji1131ORCID,Kitazato Kohei32ORCID,Hirata Naru32ORCID,Honda Rie33ORCID,Morota Tomokatsu11ORCID,Tatsumi Eri34ORCID,Sakatani Naoya35ORCID,Namiki Noriyuki2836ORCID,Matsumoto Koji2836ORCID,Noguchi Rina37ORCID,Wada Koji31ORCID,Senshu Hiroki31ORCID,Ogawa Kazunori38ORCID,Yokota Yasuhiro25ORCID,Ishihara Yoshiaki38ORCID,Shimaki Yuri25ORCID,Yamada Manabu31ORCID,Honda Chikatoshi32ORCID,Michikami Tatsuhiro39ORCID,Matsuoka Moe40ORCID,Hirata Naoyuki41ORCID,Arakawa Masahiko41ORCID,Okamoto Chisato41,Ishiguro Masateru42ORCID,Jaumann Ralf43ORCID,Bibring Jean-Pierre44,Grott Matthias45ORCID,Schröder Stefan46ORCID,Otto Katharina145ORCID,Pilorget Cedric4447ORCID,Schmitz Nicole45ORCID,Biele Jens48ORCID,Ho Tra-Mi49ORCID,Moussi-Soffys Aurélie50ORCID,Miura Akira25ORCID,Noda Hirotomo2836ORCID,Yamada Tetsuya25ORCID,Yoshihara Keisuke25ORCID,Kawahara Kosuke25ORCID,Ikeda Hitoshi25ORCID,Yamamoto Yukio25ORCID,Shirai Kei41ORCID,Kikuchi Shota3136ORCID,Ogawa Naoko25ORCID,Takeuchi Hiroshi2528ORCID,Ono Go51ORCID,Mimasu Yuya25ORCID,Yoshikawa Kent51ORCID,Takei Yuto25ORCID,Fujii Atsushi25ORCID,Iijima Yu-ichi25,Nakazawa Satoru25ORCID,Hosoda Satoshi25ORCID,Iwata Takahiro2528ORCID,Hayakawa Masahiko25ORCID,Sawada Hirotaka38ORCID,Yano Hajime2528ORCID,Tsukizaki Ryudo25ORCID,Ozaki Masanobu2528ORCID,Terui Fuyuto52ORCID,Tanaka Satoshi2528ORCID,Fujimoto Masaki25ORCID,Yoshikawa Makoto2528ORCID,Saiki Takanao25ORCID,Tachibana Shogo1125ORCID,Watanabe Sei-ichiro8ORCID,Tsuda Yuichi25ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.

2. Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA.

3. Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91405 Orsay, France.

4. Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.

5. Materials Science and Technology Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.

6. Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France.

7. Institut de Mineralogie, Physique des Materiaux et Cosmochimie, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, 75231 Paris, France.

8. Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.

9. Center for University-Wide Education, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama 343-8540, Japan.

10. Department of Earth Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan.

11. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

12. Institut Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91405 Orsay, France.

13. Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91405 Orsay, France.

14. Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan.

15. Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

16. NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.

17. Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal.

18. Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan.

19. Institute for Molecular Science, UVSOR Synchrotron Facility, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.

20. École normale supérieure de Lyon, University Lyon 1, 69342 Lyon, France.

21. Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.

22. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.

23. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.

24. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.

25. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.

26. Department of Geology, School of Earth and Environment, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.

27. Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.

28. School of Physical Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan.

29. Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

30. Marine Works Japan Ltd., Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan.

31. Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan.

32. Aizu Research Cluster for Space Science, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan.

33. Center of Data Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.

34. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of La Laguna, Tenerife E-38205, Spain.

35. Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.

36. Research of Interior Structure and Evolution of Solar System Bodies, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan.

37. Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.

38. JAXA Space Exploration Center, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.

39. Faculty of Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-2116, Japan.

40. Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8567, Japan.

41. Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.

42. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.

43. Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Geological Sciences, Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing, Berlin 12249, Germany.

44. Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91405 Orsay, France.

45. Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center, Berlin 12489, Germany.

46. Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 98128 Kiruna, Sweden.

47. Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France.

48. Microgravity User Support Centre, German Aerospace Center, Cologne 53147, Germany.

49. Institute of Space Systems, German Aerospace Center, Bremen 28359, Germany.

50. Centre National d’Études Spatiales, 31401 Toulouse, France.

51. Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.

52. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan.

Abstract

Samples of the carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu were collected and brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We investigated the macromolecular organic matter in Ryugu samples and found that it contains aromatic and aliphatic carbon, ketone, and carboxyl functional groups. The spectroscopic features of the organic matter are consistent with those in chemically primitive carbonaceous chondrite meteorites that experienced parent-body aqueous alteration (reactions with liquid water). The morphology of the organic carbon includes nanoglobules and diffuse carbon associated with phyllosilicate and carbonate minerals. Deuterium and/or nitrogen-15 enrichments indicate that the organic matter formed in a cold molecular cloud or the presolar nebula. The diversity of the organic matter indicates variable levels of aqueous alteration on Ryugu’s parent body.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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