Affiliation:
1. Department of Biology, Gilmer Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
Abstract
The circadian clock consists of a feedback loop in which clock genes are rhythmically expressed, giving rise to cycling levels of RNA and proteins. Four of the five circadian genes identified to date influence responsiveness to freebase cocaine in the fruit fly,
Drosophila melanogaster
. Sensitization to repeated cocaine exposures, a phenomenon also seen in humans and animal models and associated with enhanced drug craving, is eliminated in flies mutant for
period
,
clock
,
cycle
, and
doubletime
, but not in flies lacking the gene
timeless
. Flies that do not sensitize owing to lack of these genes do not show the induction of tyrosine decarboxylase normally seen after cocaine exposure. These findings indicate unexpected roles for these genes in regulating cocaine sensitization and indicate that they function as regulators of tyrosine decarboxylase.
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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