Spatial and temporal patterns of mass bleaching of corals in the Anthropocene

Author:

Hughes Terry P.1ORCID,Anderson Kristen D.1ORCID,Connolly Sean R.12ORCID,Heron Scott F.34ORCID,Kerry James T.1ORCID,Lough Janice M.15,Baird Andrew H.1ORCID,Baum Julia K.6ORCID,Berumen Michael L.7ORCID,Bridge Tom C.18ORCID,Claar Danielle C.6ORCID,Eakin C. Mark3ORCID,Gilmour James P.9ORCID,Graham Nicholas A. J.110ORCID,Harrison Hugo1,Hobbs Jean-Paul A.11ORCID,Hoey Andrew S.1ORCID,Hoogenboom Mia12ORCID,Lowe Ryan J.12ORCID,McCulloch Malcolm T.12ORCID,Pandolfi John M.13ORCID,Pratchett Morgan1ORCID,Schoepf Verena12ORCID,Torda Gergely15ORCID,Wilson Shaun K.14ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.

2. College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.

3. Coral Reef Watch, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA.

4. Marine Geophysical Laboratory, Physics Department, College of Science, Technology, and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.

5. Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia.

6. Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.

7. Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23599-6900, Saudi Arabia.

8. Queensland Museum, 70-102 Flinders Street, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia.

9. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Science Centre, University of Western Australia (UWA), WA 6009, Australia.

10. Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.

11. Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.

12. ARC Centre of Excellence in Coral Reef Studies, UWA Oceans Institute, and School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.

13. ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.

14. Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, Perth, WA 6151, Australia.

Abstract

Not enough time for recovery Coral bleaching occurs when stressful conditions result in the expulsion of the algal partner from the coral. Before anthropogenic climate warming, such events were relatively rare, allowing for recovery of the reef between events. Hughes et al. looked at 100 reefs globally and found that the average interval between bleaching events is now less than half what it was before. Such narrow recovery windows do not allow for full recovery. Furthermore, warming events such as El Niño are warmer than previously, as are general ocean conditions. Such changes are likely to make it more and more difficult for reefs to recover between stressful events. Science , this issue p. 80

Funder

ARC Centres of Excellence

Australian Laureate Fellowships

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference29 articles.

1. D. L. Hartmann et al . in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change T. F. Stocker Ed. (Cambridge Univ. Press 2013).

2. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Global Analysis—2016 year-to-date temperatures versus previous years (2016); www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/2016/11/supplemental/page-2.

3. Coral reef bleaching: ecological perspectives

4. G. M. Wellington P. W. Glynn in Geological Approaches to Coral Reef Ecology R. B. Aronson Ed. (Springer 2007).

5. J. K. Oliver R. Berkelmans C. M. Eakin in Ecological Studies: Analysis and Synthesis M. J. H. van Oppen J. M. Lough Eds. (Springer 2009).

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