Cristobalite in Volcanic Ash of the Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, British West Indies-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Cristobalite in Volcanic Ash of the Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, British West Indies

Published:1999-02-19 Issue:5405 Volume:283 Page:1142-1145
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Baxter P. J.¹,Bonadonna C.²,Dupree R.³,Hards V. L.⁴,Kohn S. C.²,Murphy M. D.²,Nichols A.⁵,Nicholson R. A.⁴,Norton G.⁴,Searl A.⁵,Sparks R. S. J.²,Vickers B. P.⁴

Affiliation:

1. Department of Community Medicine, University of Cambridge, Gresham Road, Cambridge, CB12 ES, UK.

2. Department of Earth Sciences, Bristol University, Queens Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK.

3. Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.

4. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK.

5. Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Roxburgh Place, Edinburgh EH8 9SU, UK.

Abstract

Crystalline silica (mostly cristobalite) was produced by vapor-phase crystallization and devitrification in the andesite lava dome of the Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat. The sub–10-micrometer fraction of ash generated by pyroclastic flows formed by lava dome collapse contains 10 to 24 weight percent crystalline silica, an enrichment of 2 to 5 relative to the magma caused by selective crushing of the groundmass. The sub–10-micrometer fraction of ash generated by explosive eruptions has much lower contents (3 to 6 percent) of crystalline silica. High levels of cristobalite in respirable ash raise concerns about adverse health effects of long-term human exposure to ash from lava dome eruptions.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference18 articles.

1. Young S. R., et al., Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 3389 (1998).

2. M. D. Murphy et al. ibid. p. 3433.

3. XRD was performed with a Phillips PW1700 diffractometer by using Co-Kα radiation generated at 45 kV and 40 mA a step size of 0.02° 2θ and sampling time of 1.5 s per step. A zero background Si substrate was used and the sample was mounted by using a drop of acetone. NMR spectra were collected with a Bruker MSL 360 operating at 71.535 MHz with a 2-μs pulse length and 180-s recycle delay. Samples were analyzed on a JEOL JXA-8600 electron microprobe by energy-dispersive spectral analysis to identify the phases. Run conditions were 15-kV accelerating voltage 15-nA beam current and 1-μm probe diameter. The proportions of different phases in the sub–10-μm fraction were estimated by counting 200 grains per sample.

4. Talvitie N. A., Am. Ind. Hydrol. Assoc. J. 25, 169 (1964).

5. Opaline silica typically can be identified as a broad peak on XRD but our XRD traces show no evidence of its presence (Fig. 1). Opaline silica is also formed in low-temperature environments and would not be expected in a high-temperature lava dome.

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