Anatolian Tree Rings and a New Chronology for the East Mediterranean Bronze-Iron Ages-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Anatolian Tree Rings and a New Chronology for the East Mediterranean Bronze-Iron Ages

Published:2001-12-21 Issue:5551 Volume:294 Page:2532-2535
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Manning Sturt W.¹,Kromer Bernd²,Kuniholm Peter Ian³,Newton Maryanne W.³

Affiliation:

1. Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Post Office Box 218 Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AA, UK.

2. Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

3. The Malcolm and Carolyn Wiener Laboratory for Aegean and Near Eastern Dendrochronology, B-48 Goldwin Smith Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853–3201, USA.

Abstract

We report an extensive program of high-precision radiocarbon dating to establish the best date for a floating 1599-year Anatolian tree ring chronology that spans the later third millennium B.C. through the earlier first millennium B.C. This chronology is directly associated with a number of key sites and ancient personages. A previously suggested dating is withdrawn and is replaced by a robust new date fix 22 (+4 or –7) years earlier. These new radiocarbon wiggle-matched dates offer a unique independent resource for establishing the precise chronology of the ancient Near East and Aegean and help resolve, among others, a long-standing debate in favor of the so-called Middle Mesopotamian chronology.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference45 articles.

1. P. I. Kuniholm in Aspects of Art and Iconography: Anatolia and its Neighbors. Studies in Honor of Nimet Özgüç M. J. Mellink T. Özgüç E. Porada Eds. (Turkish Historical Society Ankara Turkey 1993) pp. 371–374.

2. R. S. Young Three Great Early Tumuli (University Museum Univ. of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 1981).

3. P. I. Kuniholm thesis Univ. of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA (1977).

4. Anatolian tree rings and the absolute chronology of the eastern Mediterranean, 2220–718 BC

5. We selected 2 trees of the 41 trees recorded and cross-dated at the Midas Mound Tumulus at Gordion which comprise a total chronology of 918 years: GOR-3 ( Juniperus excelsa ) covering relative rings 999–1764 and GOR-2 ( J. foetidissima ) covering relative rings 1279–1654. We also used one tree GOR-161 ( J. excelsa ) from the nearby Kizlarkaya Tumulus covering relative rings 739–1599. The total Gordion area chronology comprises 1026 years. Trees GOR-3 and GOR-161 overlap for 601 years and yield a t score correlation of 8.52 with the two trees reflecting in common 60.3% of all growth trends over the 601 years of overlap. The radiocarbon data comprise (i) 22 measurements from consecutive decades over 220 years centered on relative rings 777 to 987 referred to as the Gordion Old set; and (ii) 30 measurements from decades over 440 years centered on relative rings 1325 to 1754 referred to as the Gordion Young set (nonavailability of sufficient good sample material dictated that this latter set could not be from entirely consecutive decades). The Gordion Young set incorporates and revises the section measured previously (13 of the previous 18 measurements are reused and are regarded as technically satisfactory; the remainder are revised with new measurements) (Fig. 1).

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