An atlas of transcribed enhancers across helper T cell diversity for decoding human diseases

Author:

Oguchi Akiko123ORCID,Suzuki Akari4ORCID,Komatsu Shuichiro15ORCID,Yoshitomi Hiroyuki26ORCID,Bhagat Shruti2,Son Raku123ORCID,Bonnal Raoul Jean Pierre5ORCID,Kojima Shohei7ORCID,Koido Masaru8910ORCID,Takeuchi Kazuhiro1211ORCID,Myouzen Keiko4,Inoue Gyo4,Hirai Tomoya112,Sano Hiromi1,Takegami Yujiro13,Kanemaru Ai13,Yamaguchi Itaru13,Ishikawa Yuki10ORCID,Tanaka Nao10ORCID,Hirabayashi Shigeki11415ORCID,Konishi Riyo16ORCID,Sekito Sho217ORCID,Inoue Takahiro17ORCID,Kere Juha181920ORCID,Takeda Shunichi2122,Takaori-Kondo Akifumi14ORCID,Endo Itaru12ORCID,Kawaoka Shinpei1623ORCID,Kawaji Hideya242526ORCID,Ishigaki Kazuyoshi27ORCID,Ueno Hideki26ORCID,Hayashizaki Yoshihide1326ORCID,Pagani Massimiliano528ORCID,Carninci Piero2930ORCID,Yanagita Motoko23ORCID,Parrish Nicholas7ORCID,Terao Chikashi103132ORCID,Yamamoto Kazuhiko4ORCID,Murakawa Yasuhiro12511ORCID,Guerrini Matteo,Hatano Hiroaki,Ishigaki Kazuyoshi,Ishikawa Yuki,Komatsu Shuichiro,Kono Michihiro,Murakawa Yasuhiro,Nakano Masahiro,Oguchi Akiko,Son Raku,Suzuki Akari,Takeuchi Kazuhiro,Tanaka Nao,Terao Chikashi,Tomizuka Kohei,Yamamoto Kazuhiko,Yoshino Soichiro,

Affiliation:

1. RIKEN-IFOM Joint Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.

2. Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

3. Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

4. Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.

5. IFOM ETS - the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.

6. Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

7. Genome Immunobiology RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.

8. Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

9. Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

10. Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.

11. Department of Medical Systems Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

12. Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.

13. K.K. DNAFORM, Yokohama, Japan.

14. Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

15. Division of Precision Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

16. Inter-Organ Communication Research Team, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

17. Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.

18. Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

19. Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

20. Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.

21. Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

22. Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.

23. Department of Integrative Bioanalytics, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.

24. Research Center for Genome & Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.

25. Preventive Medicine and Applied Genomics Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan.

26. RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wako, Japan.

27. Laboratory for Human Immunogenetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.

28. Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy.

29. Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.

30. Human Technopole, Milan, Italy.

31. Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.

32. Department of Applied Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.

Abstract

Transcribed enhancer maps can reveal nuclear interactions underpinning each cell type and connect specific cell types to diseases. Using a 5′ single-cell RNA sequencing approach, we defined transcription start sites of enhancer RNAs and other classes of coding and noncoding RNAs in human CD4 + T cells, revealing cellular heterogeneity and differentiation trajectories. Integration of these datasets with single-cell chromatin profiles showed that active enhancers with bidirectional RNA transcription are highly cell type–specific and that disease heritability is strongly enriched in these enhancers. The resulting cell type–resolved multimodal atlas of bidirectionally transcribed enhancers, which we linked with promoters using fine-scale chromatin contact maps, enabled us to systematically interpret genetic variants associated with a range of immune-mediated diseases.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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